Until recently, artificial intelligence researchers who use games as their experimental testbed have concentrated on games of perfect information. The tournament committee encourages new participants for the 2009 tournament, and will be happy to assist on technical issues. And although some programs are clearly superior to others, it is possible to write a reasonably competitive AI in a few months, especially since the Metaforge API eliminates need to write a user interface. Among participants there is not yet agreement on issues as fundamental as the importance of recursion in move selection. Stratego AI is at present a wide open field. The annual Computer Stratego World Championship selects the best Stratego-playing program. Bluffing plays an important role in this game. Therefore, when one piece tries to capture an opponent's piece, it might get captured itself. The players choose a custom setup of pieces at the start of the game, without showing the opponent the rank of each piece. It is a game of war with the objective to capture the opponent's flag. Stratego is a game of imperfect information that was first patented in 1960 by the Milton Badley Company (Collins, 2008).
#Milton bradley stratego game manual#
We show that our algorithm achieves quick checkmate in the vast majority of situations and significantly outperforms existing manual methods. We describe a search algorithm for exploring the Kriegspiel endgames, and provide relatively simple evaluation functions able to progress through uncertainty. While manual algorithms have been developed to checkmate the lone King in various scenarios, they are often hard to translate into code, partially or ambiguously defined, and quite inefficient in the number of moves to mate. In this paper, we focus on the simpler, but still difficult, task of playing the endgame. As Kriegspiel has a very large state space and highly dynamic uncertainty, it is a very hard game for computers to play. In this case, the player can exploit the negative information he received from the referee. The referee also rejects illegal moves, forcing the player to try again. He answers a player's move attempt with information on its outcome, such as checks or piece captures.
#Milton bradley stratego game full#
A referee maintains the full state of the game on a third board. A player only knows the position of his own pieces, while his opponent's pieces are invisible. In fact, the only difference between Kriegspiel and Chess is that each player does not know his opponent's moves: the two players use different boards. Kriegspiel is a wargame based on the rules of Chess.
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